The rates of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Diversity of events at low and high redshift

TL;DR

This study examines the diversity and systematic differences in Type Ia Supernovae properties across redshifts, considering progenitor models and galaxy types to understand potential biases in cosmological measurements.

Contribution

It compares single and double degenerate progenitor models and their relation to observed SN Ia rates and galaxy properties, highlighting the diversity of progenitors across galaxy types.

Findings

Both single and mixed models can explain observed SN Ia rate correlations.

Early-type galaxies likely host predominantly double degenerate explosions.

High-redshift SN Ia samples include young, massive progenitors.

Abstract

This paper investigates on the possible systematic difference of Supernovae Ia (SN Ia) properties related to the age and masses of the progenitors that could introduce a systematic bias between low and high redshift SN Ia's. The relation between the main features of the distribution of the delay times (DTD) and the masses of the progenitors is illustrated for the single (SD) and double degenerate (DD) models. Mixed models, which assume contributions from both the SD and DD channels, are also presented and tested versus the observed correlations between the SN Ia rates and the parent galaxy properties. It is shown that these correlations can be accounted for with both single channel and mixed models, and that the rate in S0 and E galaxies may effectively provide clues on the contribution of SD progenitors to late epoch explosions. A wide range of masses for the CO WD at the start of accretion is expected in almost all galaxy types; only in galaxies of the earliest types the properties of the progenitors are expected to be more uniform. For mixed models, late type galaxies should host SD and DD explosions in comparable fractions, while in early type galaxies DD explosions should largely prevail. Events hosted by star forming galaxies span a wide range of delay times; \textit{prompt} events could dominate only in the presence of a strong star-burst. It is concluded that nearby SN Ia samples should well include the young, massive and hot progenitors that necessarily dominate at high redshift.