Many-body localization transition in a lattice model of interacting fermions: statistics of renormalized hoppings in configuration space

TL;DR

This paper investigates the many-body localization transition in a disordered interacting fermion lattice model using a configuration space renormalization approach, identifying a finite critical disorder strength and characterizing the localized and delocalized phases.

Contribution

The study introduces a renormalization procedure in configuration space to analyze many-body localization, revealing critical exponents and the nature of the transition.

Findings

Existence of a finite critical disorder strength W_c for localization transition.

Localization length diverges as (W-W_c)^{-0.5} near W_c.

Delocalized phase exhibits an essential singularity in the asymptotic hopping value.

Abstract

We consider the one-dimensional lattice model of interacting fermions with disorder studied previously by Oganesyan and Huse [Phys. Rev. B 75, 155111 (2007)]. To characterize a possible many-body localization transition as a function of the disorder strength $W$, we use an exact renormalization procedure in configuration space that generalizes the Aoki real-space RG procedure for Anderson localization one-particle models [H. Aoki, J. Phys. C13, 3369 (1980)]. We focus on the statistical properties of the renormalized hopping $V_L$ between two configurations separated by a distance $L$ in configuration space (distance being defined as the minimal number of elementary moves to go from one configuration to the other). Our numerical results point towards the existence of a many-body localization transition at a finite disorder strength $W_c$. In the localized phase $W>W_c$, the typical renormalized hopping $V_L^{typ} \equiv e^{\bar{\ln V_L}}$ decays exponentially in $L$ as $ (\ln V_L^{typ}) \simeq - \frac{L}{\xi_{loc}}$ and the localization length diverges as $\xi_{loc}(W) \sim (W-W_c)^{-\nu_{loc}}$ with a critical exponent of order $\nu_{loc} \simeq 0.5$. In the delocalized phase $W<W_c$, the renormalized hopping remains a finite random variable as $L \to \infty$, and the typical asymptotic value $V_{\infty}^{typ} \equiv e^{\bar{\ln V_{\infty}}}$ presents an essential singularity $(\ln V_{\infty}^{typ}) \sim - (W_c-W)^{-\kappa}$ with an exponent of order $\kappa \sim 1.4$. Finally, we show that this analysis in configuration space is compatible with the localization properties of the simplest two-point correlation function in real space.