Thermalization through Hagedorn states - the importance of multiparticle collisions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that Hagedorn states facilitate rapid chemical equilibration of hadrons near the critical temperature, aligning with lattice results and suggesting a key role in hadron gas dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a dynamic model using Hagedorn states and master equations to explain quick chemical equilibration in hadron gases near Tc.

Findings

Hagedorn states enable near-instantaneous chemical equilibrium.

Model aligns with lattice QCD results for Tc=176 and 196 MeV.

Hadrons reach equilibrium before traditional freeze-out temperatures.

Abstract

Quick chemical equilibration times of hadrons within a hadron gas are explained dynamically using Hagedorn states, which drive particles into equilibrium close to the critical temperature. Within this scheme master equations are employed for the chemical equilibration of various hadronic particles like (strange) baryon and antibaryons. A comparison of the Hagedorn model to recent lattice results is made and it is found that for both Tc =176 MeV and Tc=196 MeV, the hadrons can reach chemical equilibrium almost immediately, well before the chemical freeze-out temperatures found in thermal fits for a hadron gas without Hagedorn states.