Late time behavior of closed isotropic models in second order gravity theory

TL;DR

This paper investigates the late-time dynamics of closed isotropic cosmological models within second order gravity, revealing that such universes can oscillate indefinitely due to the system's periodic solutions.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of oscillatory solutions in closed isotropic models in second order gravity, highlighting their potential for cyclic behavior at late times.

Findings

Existence of periodic solutions in the dynamical system.

Closed isotropic models can exhibit oscillatory behavior.

Oscillations occur for a wide range of initial conditions.

Abstract

Homogeneous and isotropic closed models are studied in both the Einstein and the Jordan frame of the second order gravity theory. The normal form of the dynamical system has periodic solutions for a large set of initial conditions. This implies that an initially expanding closed isotropic universe may exhibit oscillatory behavior.