Predictability of PV power grid performance on insular sites without weather stations: use of artificial neural networks

TL;DR

This study develops an artificial neural network-based method to predict solar irradiation and PV power performance on Corsican islands using data from a single weather station, overcoming the lack of extensive meteorological networks.

Contribution

The paper introduces a neural network approach for predicting solar irradiation at insular sites without weather stations, validated across different geographical regions with promising accuracy.

Findings

Relocation-based predictions outperform naive persistence methods.

Hourly and daily predictions show significant error reduction.

The model achieves accurate PV power forecasts within 10 km of the station.

Abstract

The official meteorological network is poor on the island of Corsica: only three sites being about 50 km apart are equipped with pyranometers which enable measurements by hourly and daily step. These sites are Ajaccio (41\degree 55'N and 8\degree 48'E, seaside), Bastia (42\degree 33'N, 9\degree 29'E, seaside) and Corte (42\degree 30'N, 9\degree 15'E average altitude of 486 meters). This lack of weather station makes difficult the predictability of PV power grid performance. This work intends to study a methodology which can predict global solar irradiation using data available from another location for daily and hourly horizon. In order to achieve this prediction, we have used Artificial Neural Network which is a popular artificial intelligence technique in the forecasting domain. A simulator has been obtained using data available for the station of Ajaccio that is the only station for which we have a lot of data: 16 years from 1972 to 1987. Then we have tested the efficiency of this simulator in two places with different geographical features: Corte, a mountainous region and Bastia, a coastal region. On daily horizon, the relocation has implied fewer errors than a "na\"ive" prediction method based on the persistence (RMSE=1468 Vs 1383Wh/m^2 to Bastia and 1325 Vs 1213Wh/m^2 to Corte). On hourly case, the results were still satisfactory, and widely better than persistence (RMSE=138.8 Vs 109.3 Wh/m^2 to Bastia and 135.1 Vs 114.7 Wh/m^2 to Corte). The last experiment was to evaluate the accuracy of our simulator on a PV power grid localized at 10 km from the station of Ajaccio. We got errors very suitable (nRMSE=27.9%, RMSE=99.0 W.h) compared to those obtained with the persistence (nRMSE=42.2%, RMSE=149.7 W.h).