Optical Turbulence above the Internal Antarctic Plateau

TL;DR

This paper reviews the potential of the internal Antarctic plateau as an optimal site for astronomy, emphasizing its low turbulence and suitability for adaptive optics in visible and near-infrared observations.

Contribution

It provides an overview of current site assessment efforts, including meteorological and optical turbulence characterization, and evaluates the benefits for future astronomical facilities.

Findings

Low optical turbulence near the ground enhances image quality.

The site offers significant potential for adaptive optics applications.

International efforts are advancing the understanding of Antarctic astronomical sites.

Abstract

The internal antarctic plateau revealed in the last years to be a site with interesting potentialities for the astronomical applications due to the extreme dryness and low temperatures, the typical high altitude of the plateau, the weak level of turbulence in the free atmosphere down to a just few tens of meters from the ground and the thin optical turbulence layer developed at the ground. The main goal of a site testing assessment above the internal antarctic plateau is to characterize the site (optical turbulence and classical meteorological parameters) and to quantify which is the gain we might obtain with respect to equivalent astronomical observations done above mid-latitude sites to support plans for future astronomical facilities. Our group is involved, since a few years, in studies related to the assessment of this site for astronomical applications that include the characterization of the meteorological parameters and optical turbulence provided by general circulation models as well as mesoscale atmospherical models and the quantification of the performances of Adaptive Optics (AO) systems. In this talk I will draw the status of art of this site assessment putting our studies in the context of the wide international site testing activity that has been done in Antarctica. I will focus on the site assessment relevant for astronomical applications to be done in the visible up to the near infrared ranges, i.e. those ranges for which the optical turbulence represents a perturbing element for the quality of the images and the AO techniques an efficient tool to correct these wavefront perturbations.