Quantum gauge models without classical Higgs mechanism

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that massive gauge theories can be formulated without the traditional Higgs mechanism by using Epstein-Glaser renormalization and BRS symmetry, providing a new perspective on gauge invariance and scalar fields.

Contribution

It introduces a causal approach to massive gauge theories that explains the presence of scalar fields without relying on the Higgs mechanism, challenging conventional understanding.

Findings

Re-derivation of gauge symmetry and scalar fields without Higgs mechanism

Clarification of compatibility with grand unified theories

Dispelling doubts about causal gauge invariance

Abstract

We examine the status of massive gauge theories, such as those usually obtained by spontaneous symmetry breakdown, from the viewpoint of causal (Epstein-Glaser) renormalization. The BRS formulation of gauge invariance in this framework, starting from canonical quantization of massive (as well as massless) vector bosons as fundamental entities, and proceeding perturbatively, allows one to rederive the reductive group symmetry of interactions, the need for scalar fields in gauge theory, and the covariant derivative. Thus the presence of higgs particles is explained without recourse to a Higgs(-Englert-Brout-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble) mechanism. Along the way, we dispel doubts about the compatibility of causal gauge invariance with grand unified theories.