Optical Integral and Sum Rule Violation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how lattice effects influence the optical sum rule in cuprates, revealing that the sum rule is only approximately satisfied up to bandwidth and that the sign of the optical integral change depends on the model and interaction strength.

Contribution

It compares different theoretical models to understand the optical sum rule violation and its dependence on frequency cut-off and interaction strength in cuprates.

Findings

Sum rule nearly satisfied in BCS model at bandwidth

Sum rule violation up to 70-80% in other models

Sign of W changes with frequency and interaction strength

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to investigate the role of the lattice in the optical Kubo sum rule in the cuprates. We compute conductivities, optical integrals W, and \Delta W between superconducting and normal states for 2-D systems with lattice dispersion typical of the cuprates for four different models -- a dirty BCS model, a single Einstein boson model, a marginal Fermi liquid model, and a collective boson model with a feedback from super-conductivity on a collective boson. The goal of the paper is two-fold. First, we analyze the dependence of W on the upper cut-off w_c placed on the optical integral because in experiments W is measured up to frequencies of order bandwidth. For a BCS model, the Kubo sum rule is almost fully reproduced at w_c equal to the bandwidth. But for other models only 70%-80% of Kubo sum rule is obtained up to this scale and even less so for \Delta W, implying that the Kubo sum rule has to be applied with caution. Second, we analyze the sign of \Delta W. In all models we studied \Delta W is positive at small w_c, then crosses zero and approaches a negative value at large w_c, i.e. the optical integral in a superconductor is smaller than in a normal state. The point of zero crossing, however, increases with the interaction strength and in a collective boson model becomes comparable to the bandwidth at strong coupling. We argue that this model exhibits the behavior consistent with that in the cuprates.