Optimal Exploration of Terrains with Obstacles

TL;DR

This paper develops optimal algorithms for exploring unknown terrains with obstacles using mobile robots, considering both unlimited and limited vision scenarios, and proves their optimality with matching lower bounds.

Contribution

It introduces exploration algorithms with proven optimal complexity bounds for terrains with obstacles, applicable under various knowledge assumptions and terrain types.

Findings

Algorithms achieve optimal exploration complexity bounds.

Matching lower bounds confirm optimality of the algorithms.

Algorithms work for arbitrary and c-fat terrains under different knowledge conditions.

Abstract

A mobile robot represented by a point moving in the plane has to explore an unknown terrain with obstacles. Both the terrain and the obstacles are modeled as arbitrary polygons. We consider two scenarios: the unlimited vision, when the robot situated at a point p of the terrain explores (sees) all points q of the terrain for which the segment pq belongs to the terrain, and the limited vision, when we require additionally that the distance between p and q be at most 1. All points of the terrain (except obstacles) have to be explored and the performance of an exploration algorithm is measured by the length of the trajectory of the robot. For unlimited vision we show an exploration algorithm with complexity O(P + D?k), where P is the total perimeter of the terrain (including perimeters of obstacles), D is the diameter of the convex hull of the terrain, and k is the number of obstacles. We do not assume knowledge of these parameters. We also prove a matching lower bound showing that the above complexity is optimal, even if the terrain is known to the robot. For limited vision we show exploration algorithms with complexity O(P + A + ?Ak), where A is the area of the terrain (excluding obstacles). Our algorithms work either for arbitrary terrains, if one of the parameters A or k is known, or for c-fat terrains, where c is any constant (unknown to the robot) and no additional knowledge is assumed. (A terrain T with obstacles is c-fat if R/r ? c, where R is the radius of the smallest disc containing T and r is the radius of the largest disc contained in T .) We also prove a matching lower bound ?(P + A + ?Ak) on the complexity of exploration for limited vision, even if the terrain is known to the robot.