Bosons, fermions and anyons in the plane, and supersymmetry

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal vector wave equation unifying descriptions of anyons, bosons, and fermions in 2+1 dimensions, revealing two types of anyons, and extends the framework to include supersymmetry and non-relativistic limits.

Contribution

It proposes a unified wave equation for anyons, bosons, and fermions, revealing two types of anyons, and develops supersymmetric and non-relativistic extensions of the theory.

Findings

Identified two fundamentally different types of anyons.

Unified known descriptions of anyons within a single framework.

Extended the theory to include supersymmetric generalizations.

Abstract

Universal vector wave equations allowing for a unified description of anyons, and also of usual bosons and fermions in the plane are proposed. The existence of two essentially different types of anyons, based on unitary and also on non-unitary infinite-dimensional half-bounded representations of the (2+1)D Lorentz algebra is revealed. Those associated with non-unitary representations interpolate between bosons and fermions. The extended formulation of the theory includes the previously known Jackiw-Nair (JN) and Majorana-Dirac (MD) descriptions of anyons as particular cases, and allows us to compose bosons and fermions from entangled anyons. The theory admits a simple supersymmetric generalization, in which the JN and MD systems are unified in N=1 and N=2 supermultiplets. Two different non-relativistic limits of the theory are investigated. The usual one generalizes Levy-Leblond's spin 1/2 theory to arbitrary spin, as well as to anyons. The second, "Jackiw-Nair" limit (that corresponds to Inonu-Wigner contraction with both anyon spin and light velocity going to infinity), is generalized to boson/fermion fields and interpolating anyons. The resulting exotic Galilei symmetry is studied in both the non-supersymmetric and the supersymmetric cases.