Kepler Mission Design, Realized Photometric Performance, and Early Science

TL;DR

The Kepler Mission aims to detect Earth-like exoplanets using transit photometry, providing precise data that also advances stellar astrophysics, with early results showing promising planet discoveries and stellar variability insights.

Contribution

This paper details the design, performance, and early scientific results of the Kepler Mission, highlighting its capabilities in exoplanet detection and stellar studies.

Findings

Discovered five new transiting planets with known masses and radii.

Achieved high-precision, continuous photometric data for diverse stars.

Demonstrated the mission's potential in distinguishing stellar types through variability measurements.

Abstract

The Kepler Mission, launched on Mar 6, 2009 was designed with the explicit capability to detect Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars using the transit photometry method. Results from just forty-three days of data along with ground-based follow-up observations have identified five new transiting planets with measurements of their masses, radii, and orbital periods. Many aspects of stellar astrophysics also benefit from the unique, precise, extended and nearly continuous data set for a large number and variety of stars. Early results for classical variables and eclipsing stars show great promise. To fully understand the methodology, processes and eventually the results from the mission, we present the underlying rationale that ultimately led to the flight and ground system designs used to achieve the exquisite photometric performance. As an example of the initial photometric results, we present variability measurements that can be used to distinguish dwarf stars from red giants.