# A Fully Automatic Deep Learning System for COVID-19 Diagnostic and Prognostic Analysis

## TL;DR

A deep learning system automatically diagnoses COVID-19 and identifies high-risk patients using CT scans, potentially improving medical resource allocation.

## Contribution

A fully automatic deep learning system for both diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 using CT scans is proposed and validated.

## Key findings

- The system achieved AUCs of 0.87-0.88 in distinguishing COVID-19 from other pneumonia.
- It successfully stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups based on hospital stay duration (p=0.013-0.014).
- The system automatically identified abnormal areas consistent with known radiological findings without human assistance.

## Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, and medical resources become insufficient in many regions. Fast diagnosis of COVID-19, and finding high-risk patients with worse prognosis for early prevention and medical resources optimization is important. Here, we proposed a fully automatic deep learning system for COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic analysis by routinely used computed tomography.

We retrospectively collected 5372 patients with computed tomography images from 7 cities or provinces. Firstly, 4106 patients with computed tomography images and gene information were used to pre-train the DL system, making it learn lung features. Afterwards, 1266 patients (924 with COVID-19, and 471 had follow-up for 5+ days; 342 with other pneumonia) from 6 cities or provinces were enrolled to train and externally validate the performance of the deep learning system.

In the 4 external validation sets, the deep learning system achieved good performance in identifying COVID-19 from other pneumonia (AUC=0.87 and 0.88) and viral pneumonia (AUC=0.86). Moreover, the deep learning system succeeded to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups whose hospital-stay time have significant difference (p=0.013 and 0.014). Without human-assistance, the deep learning system automatically focused on abnormal areas that showed consistent characteristics with reported radiological findings.

Deep learning provides a convenient tool for fast screening COVID-19 and finding potential high-risk patients, which may be helpful for medical resource optimization and early prevention before patients show severe symptoms.

Fully automatic deep learning system provides a convenient method for COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic analysis, which can help COVID-19 screening and finding potential high-risk patients with worse prognosis.