Ex-vivo detection of neural events using THz BioMEMS

TL;DR

This study demonstrates a novel THz BioMEMS device capable of real-time, noninvasive detection of biochemical activity, specifically nitric oxide synthase activity, in ex vivo nerve tissue using integrated THz circuits.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new integrated THz BioMEMS platform for ex vivo detection of neural biochemical events, combining microfluidics and high-frequency electromagnetic sensing.

Findings

THz spectroscopy detected NOS activity in injured nerve tissue.

Inhibition of NOS was confirmed using microfluidic drug delivery.

Real-time detection of biochemical events was achieved with the device.

Abstract

Electromagnetic frequencies up to a few terahertz (THz) can yield real-time and noninvasive measurements on biological matter. Unfortunately, strong absorption in aqueous solutions and low spatial resolution return difficult free-space investigations. A new approach based on integrated THz circuits was used. The authors designed and fabricated a BioMEMS (Biological MicroElectro-Mechanical System) compatible with microfluidic circulation and electromagnetic propagation. It is dedicated to the ex vivo detection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, which is involved in neurodegenerative phenomena. MATERIAL/METHODS: The biological model was a leech's central nervous system. After its injury, the production of NO was observed and measured in the far-THz spectral domain. The nerve cord was put inside a BioMEMS realized in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sealed on a glass wafer. Glass is a good material for supporting high-frequency integrated waveguides such as coplanar waveguides (CPWs). Measurements were performed with vectorial network analyser (VNA). RESULTS: The transmission parameter in the frequency range of 0.14-0.22 THz was measured through CPWs located just below the microchannel containing the injured leech nerve cord. The lesion caused a decreased transmission coefficient due to the NOS activity. L-NAME was injected inside the microchannel and it was verified that it inhibits this activity. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that THz spectroscopy can detect a biochemical event, such as NOS activity around an injured leech's nerve cord, in real time. Future studies will be dedicated to quantitative measurements of the reaction products using the sophisticated management of several drugs allowed with microfluidic microsystems.