High-redshift star formation rate up to z~8.3 derived from gamma-ray bursts and influence of background cosmology

TL;DR

This study estimates the star formation rate at high redshifts up to z~8.3 using gamma-ray bursts, analyzing how different cosmological models influence these measurements and revealing a steep decline in star formation beyond z=4.

Contribution

It introduces a method to estimate high-redshift star formation rates using gamma-ray bursts across various cosmological models, accounting for metallicity effects.

Findings

High-redshift SFR declines steeply beyond z=4.

Different cosmological models produce similar SFR decay trends.

Swift GRBs effectively trace star formation history at z~8.3.

Abstract

The high-redshift star formation rate (SFR) is difficult to measure directly even by modern approaches. Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be detected to the edge of the visible universe because of their high luminorsities. The collapsar model of long gamma-ray bursts indicates that they may trace the star formation history. So long gamma-ray bursts may be a useful tool of measuring the high-redshift SFR. Observations show that long gamma-ray bursts prefer to form in a low-metallicity environment. We study the high-redshift SFR up to z~8.3 considering the Swift GRBs tracing the star formation history and the cosmic metallicity evolution in different background cosmological models including $\Lambda$CDM, quintessence, quintessence with a time-varying equation of state, and brane-world model. We use latest Swift GRBs including two highest-$z$ GRBs, GRB 080913 at $z=6.7$ and GRB 090423 at $z=8.3$. We find that the SFR at $z>4$ shows a steep decay with a slope of $\sim -5.0$ in $\Lambda$CDM. In the other three models, the high-redshift SFR is slightly different from $\Lambda$CDM model, and also shows a steep decay.