Unification of Residues and Grassmannian Dualities

TL;DR

This paper unifies residues in Grassmannian formulations of scattering amplitudes in N=4 SYM, revealing a particle interpretation and a duality between different theoretical approaches through a deformation parameter.

Contribution

It constructs a single algebraic variety unifying residues for all NMHV and N^2MHV amplitudes, connecting different Grassmannian formulations via a deformation parameter.

Findings

Unified residues into a single algebraic variety for all NMHV and N^2MHV amplitudes.

Established a particle interpretation for the Grassmannian contour integral.

Proved t-independence of the amplitude result, revealing a duality between theories.

Abstract

The conjectured duality relating all-loop leading singularities of n-particle N^(k-2)MHV scattering amplitudes in N=4 SYM to a simple contour integral over the Grassmannian G(k,n) makes all the symmetries of the theory manifest. Every residue is individually Yangian invariant, but does not have a local space-time interpretation--only a special sum over residues gives physical amplitudes. In this paper we show that the sum over residues giving tree amplitudes can be unified into a single algebraic variety, which we explicitly construct for all NMHV and N^2MHV amplitudes. Remarkably, this allows the contour integral to have a "particle interpretation" in the Grassmannian, where higher-point amplitudes can be constructed from lower-point ones by adding one particle at a time, with soft limits manifest. We move on to show that the connected prescription for tree amplitudes in Witten's twistor string theory also admits a Grassmannian particle interpretation, where the integral over the Grassmannian localizes over the Veronese map from G(2,n) to G(k,n). These apparently very different theories are related by a natural deformation with a parameter t that smoothly interpolates between them. For NMHV amplitudes, we use a simple residue theorem to prove t-independence of the result, thus establishing a novel kind of duality between these theories.