Applying the Analytic Theory of Colliding Ring Galaxies

TL;DR

This paper extends an analytic theory of colliding ring galaxies, compares it with recent high-quality observations, and finds good agreement, revealing insights into ring velocities and sizes especially in galaxies with flat rotation curves.

Contribution

The paper advances the analytic theory of colliding ring galaxies by incorporating recent observational data and exploring limiting cases, particularly for flat rotation curves.

Findings

Good fit of theory with observed ring sizes and structures

Discrepancies in the Cartwheel galaxy suggest additional factors like multiple collisions

Ring velocities scale with local circular velocities in flat rotation curve cases

Abstract

An analytic theory of the waves in colliding ring galaxies was presented some years ago, but the observations where not of sufficient quality then to make quantitative comparisons. Well-resolved observations of a few systems are now available to make such comparisons, and structure imaged in several dozen systems, derived from the recent compilation of Madore, Nelson and Petrillo and the Galaxy Zoo project, can further constrain the theory. Systems with two rings are especially useful for deriving such constraints. After examining the implications of recent observations of ring sizes and structure, I extend the analytic theory, investigate limiting cases, and present several levels of approximation. The theory is especially simple in the case of nearly flat rotation curves. I present observational comparisons for a few systems, including: Arp 10, the Cartwheel and AM2136-492. The fit is quite good over a large range of cases. For the Cartwheel there are discrepancies, but the areas of disagreement are suggestive of additional factors, such as multiple collisions. A specific prediction of the theory in the case of nearly flat rotation curves is that the ratio of the outward velocity of successive rings approximately equals the ratio of ring sizes. Ring velocities are also shown to scale simply with local circular velocities in this limit.