The effect of longitudinal flow on resonantly damped kink oscillations

TL;DR

This study examines how longitudinal flows influence the resonant damping of kink oscillations in coronal loops, revealing that flow effects are generally small but can significantly alter damping rates under certain conditions.

Contribution

It provides analytical and numerical analysis of flow effects on resonant absorption in coronal loops, including cases previously neglected in models.

Findings

Flow effects are small when density and velocity layers are similar in scale.

Backward waves can become undamped due to flow, while forward waves may be overdamped.

Analytical expressions agree well with numerical eigenmode calculations.

Abstract

The most promising mechanism acting towards damping the kink oscillations of coronal loops is resonant absorption. In this context most of previous studies neglected the effect of the obvious equilibrium flow along magnetic field lines. The flows are in general sub-Alfv\'enic and hence comparatively slow. Here we investigate the effect of an equilibrium flow on the resonant absorption of linear kink MHD waves in a cylindrical magnetic flux tube with the aim of determining the changes in the frequency of the forward and backward propagating waves and in the modification of the damping times due to the flow. A loop model with both the density and the longitudinal flow changing in the radial direction is considered. We use the thin tube thin boundary (TTTB) approximation in order to calculate the damping rates. The full resistive eigenvalue problem is also solved without assuming the TTTB approximation. Using the small ratio of flow and Alfv\'en speeds we derive simple analytical expressions to the damping rate. The analytical expressions are in good agreement with the resistive eigenmode calculations. Under typical coronal conditions the effect of the flow on the damped kink oscillations is small when the characteristic scale of the density layer is similar or smaller than the characteristic width of the velocity layer. However, in the opposite situation the damping rates can be significantly altered, specially for the backward propagating wave which is undamped while the forward wave is overdamped.