Scalable generation of multiphoton path entanglement with high NOON-state fidelity

TL;DR

This paper presents a scalable method for generating high-fidelity NOON states with large photon numbers, demonstrated up to N=5, using interference of quantum and classical light, advancing quantum metrology and information protocols.

Contribution

A novel, versatile scheme for creating high-fidelity NOON states with arbitrarily large N, demonstrated up to N=5 in a single setup.

Findings

Successfully generated NOON states up to N=5.

The scheme is adaptable for different N without redesign.

High degree of path entanglement verified.

Abstract

"Schrodinger's cat" is a gedankenexperiment intended to highlight conceptual difficulties in the interpretation of quantum mechanics. The generation of 'cat-like' states is central to numerous quantum information protocols. In particular, much attention has been drawn by states containing N photons in a superposition of all being in one of two designated modes. These maximally path entangled states, known as 'NOON' states, exhibit enhanced phase sensitivity and allow reaching the fundamental quantum limit of precision measurement. Such states could also be used for obtaining 'super-resolution' in quantum lithography. Creation of NOON states in the lab, has been limited to N=3. Surpassing this has proven a formidable experimental challenge. Here, we realize a scheme for generation of high fidelity NOON states with arbitrarily large N. We demonstrate the versatility of the scheme by measuring up to N=5 in a single setup, this is in contrast to previous experiments which were custom-designed for a specific N. The scheme is based on high order interference between 'quantum' down-converted light and 'classical' coherent light in the photon number basis. Our results verify the high degree of path entanglement which emerges naturally from the interference of two ubiquitous, easy to generate, states of light.