Evidence for Supernova-Synthesised Dust from the Rising Afterglow of GRB 071025 at z~5

TL;DR

This study presents early optical and infrared observations of a high-redshift gamma-ray burst, providing evidence for supernova-synthesized dust influencing the afterglow's extinction properties at z~5.

Contribution

It offers the first detailed analysis of dust formation and properties in a GRB afterglow at z~5, highlighting supernovae as a key dust source in early galaxies.

Findings

Evidence of supernova-formed dust with a unique extinction curve.

No significant dust destruction observed after initial burst.

Supports the idea that SN-formed dust dominates at high redshift.

Abstract

We present observations and analysis of the broadband afterglow of Swift GRB 071025. Using optical and infrared (RIYJHK) photometry, we derive a photometric redshift of 4.4 < z < 5.2; at this redshift our simultaneous multicolour observations begin at ~30 s after the GRB trigger in the host frame and during the initial rising phase of the afterglow. We associate the light curve peak at 580 s in the observer frame with the formation of the forward shock, giving an estimate of the initial Lorentz factor Gamma_0 ~ 200. The red spectral energy distribution (even in regions not affected by the Lyman-alpha break) provides secure evidence of a large dust column. However, the inferred extinction curve shows a prominent flat component between 2000-3000 Angstroms in the rest-frame, inconsistent with any locally observed template but well-fit by models of dust formed by supernovae. Time-dependent fits to the extinction profile reveal no evidence of dust destruction and limit the decrease in the extinction column to Delta A_3000 < 0.54 mag after t = 50 s in the rest frame. Our observations provide evidence of a transition in dust properties at z~5, in agreement with studies of high-z quasars, and suggest that SN-formed dust continues to dominate the opacity of typical galaxies at this redshift.