Complete controllability of finite quantum systems with two-fold energy level degeneracy

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complete controllability of finite quantum systems with two-fold energy level degeneracy, proposing methods to eliminate degeneracy or control directly, and establishing conditions for controllability.

Contribution

It introduces two approaches for controlling degenerate quantum systems and derives conditions for complete controllability in various energy gap scenarios.

Findings

Degeneracy can be eliminated using a weak constant field under certain conditions.

Direct control of degenerate systems is feasible with a single control field.

Complete controllability is achieved except for two-level systems with specific degeneracy.

Abstract

Complete controllability of finite dimensional quantum systems with energy level degeneracy is investigated using two different approaches. One approach is to apply a weak constant field to eliminate the degeneracy and then control it using techniques developed for non-degenerate quantum systems. Conditions for the elimination of degeneracy are found and the issue of influence of relaxation time of constant external field to the target state are addressed through the fidelity. Another approach is to control the degenerate system by a single control field directly. It is found that the system with two-fold degenerate excited states and non-degenerate ground state are completely controllable except for the two-level system. Conditions of complete controllability are found for both systems with different energy gaps and with equal energy gaps.