TeV-scale bileptons, see-saw type II and lepton flavor violation in core-collapse supernova

TL;DR

This paper explores how TeV-scale bileptons and see-saw type II mechanisms can induce lepton flavor violation in supernova cores, potentially altering neutrino signals and supernova dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces the impact of scalar bileptons on lepton flavor violation in supernovae, linking neutrino mass generation to observable astrophysical phenomena.

Findings

TeV-mass bileptons can equilibrate electron and non-electron leptons within 1-100 ms.

Supernova core is sensitive to new scalar triplet masses and couplings.

Lepton flavor violation affects supernova neutrino signals and dynamics.

Abstract

Electrons and electron neutrinos in the inner core of the core-collapse supernova are highly degenerate and therefore numerous during a few seconds of explosion. In contrast, leptons of other flavors are non-degenerate and therefore relatively scarce. This is due to lepton flavor conservation. If this conservation law is broken by some non-standard interactions, electron neutrinos are converted to muon and tau-neutrinos, and electrons - to muons. This affects the supernova dynamics and the supernova neutrino signal. We consider lepton flavor violating interactions mediated by scalar bileptons, i.e. heavy scalars with lepton number 2. It is shown that in case of TeV-mass bileptons the electron fermi gas is equilibrated with non-electron species inside the inner supernova core at a time-scale of order of (1-100) ms. In particular, a scalar triplet which generates neutrino masses through the see-saw type II mechanism is considered. It is found that supernova core is sensitive to yet unprobed values of masses and couplings of the triplet.