Examine the species and beam-energy dependence of particle spectra using Tsallis Statistics

TL;DR

This study applies Tsallis Statistics to analyze particle spectra in heavy-ion collisions, revealing differences in freeze-out behavior and radial flow among particle species and energies, suggesting early decoupling of strange hadrons and J/psi particles.

Contribution

It introduces an analysis of particle spectra using Tsallis Statistics to explore species and energy dependence in heavy-ion collisions, highlighting early freeze-out of strange hadrons and J/psi particles.

Findings

Strange hadrons approach equilibrium quickly and decouple earlier.

J/psi particles show early decoupling with minimal radial flow.

Light hadrons do not gain additional radial flow from late-stage scattering.

Abstract

Tsallis Statistics was used to investigate the non-Boltzmann distribution of particle spectra and their dependence on particle species and beam energy in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at SPS and RHIC. Produced particles are assumed to acquire radial flow and be of non-extensive statistics at freeze-out. J/psi and the particles containing strangeness were examined separately to study their radial flow and freeze-out. We found that the strange hadrons approach equilibrium quickly from peripheral to central A+A collisions and they tend to decouple earlier from the system than the light hadrons but with the same final radial flow. These results provide an alternative picture of freeze-outs: a thermalized system is produced at partonic phase; the hadronic scattering at later stage is not enough to maintain the system in equilibrium and does not increase the radial flow of the copiously produced light hadrons. The J/psi in Pb+Pb collisions at SPS is consistent with early decoupling and obtains little radial flow. The J/psi spectra at RHIC are also inconsistent with the bulk flow profile.