Eruptions from solar ephemeral regions as an extension of the size distribution of coronal mass ejections

TL;DR

This study analyzes small-scale eruptions in the quiet solar corona observed by TRACE, revealing that their size distribution extends the known CME distribution, indicating a scale-free nature of solar eruptions across a wide size range.

Contribution

It demonstrates that small-scale coronal eruptions follow a size distribution that extends the CME distribution, suggesting a scale-free eruption process in the solar corona.

Findings

Eighty small-scale eruptions identified in TRACE data.

Eruption size distribution extends the CME distribution.

Eruption frequency is scale-free over two orders of magnitude.

Abstract

Observations of the quiet solar corona in the 171A (~1MK) passband of the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) often show disruptions of the coronal part of small-scale ephemeral bipolar regions that resemble the phenomena associated with coronal mass ejections on much larger scales: ephemeral regions exhibit flare-like brightenings, rapidly rising filaments carrying absorbing material at chromospheric temperatures, or the temporary dimming of the surrounding corona. I analyze all available TRACE observing sequences between 1998/04/01 and 2009/09/30 with full-resolution 171A image sequences spanning a day or more within 500 arcsec of disk center, observing essentially quiet Sun with good exposures and relatively low background. Ten such data sets are identified between 2000 and 2008, spanning 570h of observing with a total of 17133 exposures. Eighty small-scale coronal eruptions are identified. Their size distribution forms a smooth extension of the distribution of angular widths of coronal mass ejections, suggesting that the eruption frequency for bipolar magnetic regions is essentially scale free over at least two orders of magnitude, from eruptions near the arcsecond resolution limit of TRACE to the largest coronal mass ejections observed in the inner heliosphere. This scale range may be associated with the properties of the nested set of ranges of connectivity in the magnetic field, in which increasingly large and energetic events can reach higher and higher into the corona until the heliosphere is reached.