Probing the Nature of the unidentified TeV Gamma-ray source HESS J0632+057 with Swift

TL;DR

This study uses Swift X-ray observations to investigate the nature of the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source HESS J0632+057, exploring its variability and potential binary system characteristics.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed X-ray variability analysis of HESS J0632+057, supporting its classification as a possible X-ray/TeV binary with an estimated orbital period.

Findings

Observed flux variability by factors of about 3.

Detected X-ray variability on days to months timescales.

No definitive periodicity identified within the data.

Abstract

New generation TeV gamma-ray telescopes have discovered many new sources, including several enigmatic unidentified TeV objects. HESS J0632+057 is a particularly interesting unidentified TeV source since: it is a point source, it has a possible hard-spectrum X-ray counterpart and a positionally consistent Be star, it has evidence of long-term VHE flux variability, and it is postulated to be a newly detected TeV/X-ray binary. We have obtained Swift X-ray telescope observations of this source from MJD 54857 to 54965, in an attempt to ascertain its nature and to investigate the hypothesis that it's a previously unknown X-ray/TeV binary. Variability and spectral properties similar to those of the other 3 known X-ray/TeV binaries have been observed, with measured flux increases by factors of approximately 3. X-ray variability is present on multiple timescales including days to months; however, no clear signature of periodicity is present on the timescales probed by these data. If binary modulation is present and dominating the measured variability, then the period of the orbit is likely to be more than 54 days (half of this campaign), or it has a shorter period with a variable degree of flux modulation on successive high states. If the two high states measured to date are due to binary modulation, then the favored period is approximately 35-40 days. More observations are required to determine if this object is truly a binary system and to determine the extent that the measured variability is due to inter-orbit flaring effects or periodic binary modulation.