Not an open cluster after all: the NGC 6863 asterism in Aquila

TL;DR

This study conclusively shows that NGC 6863, previously thought to be an open cluster remnant, is actually an asterism with unrelated stars, based on detailed photometric, kinematic, and spectroscopic analysis.

Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive star-by-star analysis combining photometry, proper motions, spectroscopy, and N-body simulations to disprove the existence of NGC 6863 as an open cluster.

Findings

NGC 6863 is an asterism, not a real cluster.

The four brightest stars are not physically associated.

Previous classifications of NGC 6863 as a cluster are incorrect.

Abstract

Shortly after birth, open clusters start dissolving; gradually losing stars into the surrounding star field. The time scale for complete disintegration depends both on their initial membership and location within the Galaxy. Open clusters undergoing the terminal phase of cluster disruption or open cluster remnants (OCRs) are notoriously difficult to identify. From an observational point, a combination of low number statistics and minimal contrast against the general stellar field conspire to turn them into very challenging objects. To make the situation even worst, random samples of field stars often display features that may induce to classify them erroneously as extremely evolved open clusters. In this paper, we provide a detailed study of the stellar content and kinematics of NGC 6863, a compact group of a few stars located in Aquila and described by the POSS as a non existent cluster. Nonetheless, this object has been recently classified as OCR. The aim of the present work is to either confirm or disprove its OCR status by a detailed star-by-star analysis. The analysis is performed using wide-field photometry in the UBVI pass-band, proper motions from the UCAC3 catalogue, and high resolution spectroscopy as well as results from extensive $N$-body calculations. Our results show that the four brightest stars commonly associated to NGC 6863 form an asterism, a group of non-physically associated stars projected together, leading to the conclusion that NGC 6863 is not a real open cluster.