Analysis of the Fisher solution

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the Fisher solution, a scalar field spacetime with a naked singularity, revealing its duality with Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black holes and exploring its geometric and physical properties.

Contribution

It provides a detailed study of the Fisher solution's structure, duality with black holes, and properties of its singularities and regions, expanding understanding of scalar field spacetimes.

Findings

Fisher solution has a naked curvature singularity dividing spacetime.

Duality maps black hole exterior to Fisher spacetime and interior to Fisher universe.

Fisher spacetime and universe exhibit radially weak singularities and unique energy properties.

Abstract

We study the $d$-dimensional Fisher solution which represents a static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat spacetime with a massless scalar field. The solution has two parameters, the mass and the "scalar charge." The Fisher solution has a naked curvature singularity which divides the spacetime manifold into two disconnected parts. The part which is asymptotically flat we call the {\em Fisher spacetime}, and another part we call the {\em Fisher universe}. The Schwarzschild-Tangherlini (ST) solution and the Fisher solution belong to the same theory and are dual to each other. The duality transformation acting in the parameter space maps the exterior region of the ST black hole into the Fisher spacetime which has a naked timelike singularity, and interior region of the black hole into the Fisher universe, which is an anisotropic expanding-contracting universe and which has two spacelike singularities representing its "Big Bang" and "Big Crunch". The Big Bang singularity and the singularity of the Fisher spacetime are {\em radially weak} in the sense that a 1-dimensional object moving along a timelike radial geodesic can arrive to the singularities intact. At the vicinity of the singularity the Fisher spacetime of nonzero mass has a region where its Misner-Sharp energy is negative. The Fisher universe has a marginally trapped surface corresponding to the state of its maximal expansion in the angular directions. These results and derived relations between geometric quantities of the Fisher spacetime, the Fisher universe, and the ST black hole may suggest that the massless scalar field transforms the black hole event horizon into the naked radially weak disjoint singularities of the Fisher spacetime and the Fisher universe which are "dual to the horizon."