Work exchange between quantum systems: the spin-oscillator model

TL;DR

This paper explores how small quantum systems, specifically a spin coupled to an oscillator, can act as work reservoirs, demonstrating the emergence of work flux from quantum mechanics and analyzing different interaction effects.

Contribution

It introduces two methods to assess quantum work source quality and shows that small quantum systems can serve as high-quality work reservoirs.

Findings

Small quantum systems can act as work reservoirs.

Different interactions affect work source quality.

One interaction allows arbitrarily high work source quality.

Abstract

With the development of quantum thermodynamics it has been shown that relaxation to thermal equilibrium and with it the concept of heat flux may emerge directly from quantum mechanics. This happens for a large class of quantum systems if embedded into another quantum environment. In this paper, we discuss the complementary question of the emergence of work flux from quantum mechanics. We introduce and discuss two different methods to assess the work source quality of a system, one based on the generalized factorization approximation, the other based on generalized definitions of work and heat. By means of those methods, we show that small quantum systems can, indeed, act as work reservoirs. We illustrate this behavior for a simple system consisting of a spin coupled to an oscillator and investigate the effects of two different interactions on the work source quality. One case will be shown to allow for a work source functionality of arbitrarily high quality.