Magnetic anisotropy determination and magnetic hyperthermia properties of small Fe nanoparticles in the superparamagnetic regime

TL;DR

This study investigates the magnetic and hyperthermia properties of small Fe nanoparticles, revealing their anisotropy and heating efficiency, with implications for biomedical hyperthermia applications.

Contribution

It provides a quantitative analysis of magnetic anisotropy and hyperthermia performance of Fe nanoparticles, including the effect of aggregation and optimal size estimation.

Findings

Effective anisotropy Keff = 1.3 x 10^5 J/m^3

Maximum SAR of 280 W/g at 300 kHz and 66 mT

SAR depends quadratically on magnetic field below 30 mT

Abstract

We report on the magnetic and hyperthermia properties of iron nanoparticles synthesized by organometallic chemistry. They are 5.5 nm in diameter and display a saturation magnetization close to the bulk one. Magnetic properties are dominated by the contribution of aggregates of nanoparticles with respect to individual isolated nanoparticles. Alternative susceptibility measurements are been performed on a low interacting system obtained after eliminating the aggregates by centrifugation. A quantitative analysis using the Gittleman s model allow a determination of the effective anisotropy Keff = 1.3 * 10^5 J.m^{-3}, more than two times the magnetocristalline value of bulk iron. Hyperthermia measurements are performed on agglomerates of nanoparticles at a magnetic field up to 66 mT and at frequencies in the range 5-300 kHz. Maximum measured SAR is 280 W/g at 300 kHz and 66 mT. Specific absorption rate (SAR) displays a square dependence with the magnetic field below 30 mT but deviates from this power law at higher value. SAR is linear with the applied frequency for mu_0H=19 mT. The deviations from the linear response theory are discussed. A refined estimation of the optimal size of iron nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications is provided using the determined effective anisotropy value.