Thermodynamics Inducing Massive Particles' Tunneling and Cosmic Censorship

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how black hole thermodynamics governs the tunneling of massive particles, including charged ones, near horizons, and confirms that this process does not violate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture.

Contribution

It establishes a thermodynamic framework for massive particle tunneling and shows it aligns with cosmic censorship, extending previous massless particle analyses.

Findings

Massive particle tunneling probabilities derived from entropy change.

Trajectories of massive particles near horizons resemble those of massless particles.

Hawking radiation via massive particles does not violate cosmic censorship.

Abstract

By calculating the change of entropy, we prove that the first law of black hole thermodynamics leads to the tunneling probability of massive particles through the horizon, including the tunneling probability of massive charged particles from the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole and the Kerr-Newman black hole. Novelly, we find the trajectories of massive particles are close to that of massless particles near the horizon, although the trajectories of massive charged particles may be affected by electromagnetic forces. We show that Hawking radiation as massive particles tunneling does not lead to violation of the weak cosmic-censorship conjecture.