Transport Currents and Persistent Currents in Solids: Orbital Magnetism and Hall Effect of Dirac Electrons

TL;DR

This paper reviews theoretical studies on the inter-band effects of magnetic fields in orbital magnetism and Hall effects of Dirac electrons, highlighting the distinctions between transport and persistent currents in solids.

Contribution

It provides a concise overview of the inter-band effects of magnetic fields on orbital magnetism and Hall effects specifically for Dirac electrons, emphasizing theoretical insights.

Findings

Inter-band effects significantly influence orbital magnetism.

Magnetic fields induce notable Hall effects in Dirac electron systems.

Theoretical results clarify distinctions between different types of electronic currents.

Abstract

Features of electronic currents in solids are truly diverse depending on circumstances, e.g. non-equilibrium transport currents leading to dissipation and persistent currents flowing in equilibrium. Differences between these currents may be clear in many cases, while there are some where they are not. Results of theoretical studies on the latter cases will be introduced briefly focusing on the inter-band effects of magnetic fields in orbital magnetisms and Hall effects of Dirac electrons.