Self-coherent camera as a focal plane wavefront sensor: simulations

TL;DR

This paper explores the use of the self-coherent camera as a focal-plane wavefront sensor for active correction and differential imaging in exoplanet detection, demonstrating its potential to improve high-contrast imaging performance.

Contribution

It introduces the self-coherent camera as a versatile tool for wavefront sensing and speckle suppression, with detailed parameter analysis and practical design proposals for integration with coronagraphs.

Findings

Numerical simulations show detection of Earth-like planets is feasible.

The technique effectively minimizes differential aberrations.

Designs are robust and adaptable to future exoplanet imaging instruments.

Abstract

Direct detection of exoplanets requires high dynamic range imaging. Coronagraphs could be the solution, but their performance in space is limited by wavefront errors (manufacturing errors on optics, temperature variations, etc.), which create quasi-static stellar speckles in the final image. Several solutions have been suggested for tackling this speckle noise. Differential imaging techniques substract a reference image to the coronagraphic residue in a post-processing imaging. Other techniques attempt to actively correct wavefront errors using a deformable mirror. In that case, wavefront aberrations have to be measured in the science image to extremely high accuracy. We propose the self-coherent camera sequentially used as a focal-plane wavefront sensor for active correction and differential imaging. For both uses, stellar speckles are spatially encoded in the science image so that differential aberrations are strongly minimized. The encoding is based on the principle of light incoherence between the hosting star and its environment. In this paper, we first discuss one intrinsic limitation of deformable mirrors. Then, several parameters of the self-coherent camera are studied in detail. We also propose an easy and robust design to associate the self-coherent camera with a coronagraph that uses a Lyot stop. Finally, we discuss the case of the association with a four-quadrant phase mask and numerically demonstrate that such a device enables the detection of Earth-like planets under realistic conditions. The parametric study of the technique lets us believe it can be implemented quite easily in future instruments dedicated to direct imaging of exoplanets.