VLT diffraction-limited imaging at 11 and 18 micron of the nearest active galactic nuclei

TL;DR

This study uses VLT diffraction-limited mid-infrared imaging at 11 and 18 microns to analyze the central regions of 13 nearby active galaxies, revealing unresolved nuclear sources and extended emission features, and comparing these with IRAS data.

Contribution

First high-resolution mid-IR imaging of nearby active galactic nuclei at these wavelengths, providing detailed insights into nuclear and circumnuclear emission components.

Findings

Most mid-IR emission is from unresolved nuclear sources.

Extended emission often aligns with ionized gas or jets.

IRAS fluxes are mainly from star formation or extended components, not the AGN.

Abstract

Mid-infrared imaging at resolutions of 300 mas of the central kpc region of 13 nearby, well-known active galaxies is presented. The bulk of the mid-IR emission is concentrated on an unresolved central source within a size of less than 5 to 130 pc, depending on the object distance. Further resolved emission is detected in 70% of the sample in the form of circumnuclear star-forming rings or diffuse nuclear extended emission. In the three cases with circumnuclear star formation, the stellar contribution is at least as important as that of the AGN. In those with extended nuclear emission -- a third of the sample -- this emission represents a few per cent of the total measured; however, this contribution may be underestimated because of the chopped nature of these observations. This extended emission is generally collimated in a preferential direction often coinciding with that of the extended ionized gas or the jet. In all cases, the nuclear fluxes measured at 11.8 and 18.7 micron represent a minor contribution of the flux levels measured by large aperture IRAS data at the nearest energy bands of 12 and 25 micron. This contribution ranges from 30% to less than 10%. In only three cases do the AGN fluxes agree with IRAS to within a factor of 2. In the AGNs with strong circumnuclear star formation, this component can well account for most of the IRAS flux measured in these objects. But in all other cases, either a low surface brightness component extending over galactic scales or strong extra-nuclear IR sources -- e.g. HII regions in spiral arms -- have to be the main source of the IRAS emission. In either case, the contribution of these components dwarfs that of the AGN at mid-IR wavelengths.