A Multiwavelength View of a Mass Outflow from the Galactic Center

TL;DR

This study presents a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of the Galactic center lobe, revealing its layered structure, magnetic properties, and energy requirements, supporting a starburst-driven outflow model consistent with local star formation activity.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed multiwavelength characterization of the GC lobe, supporting a starburst outflow origin and highlighting its significance in galactic nucleus feedback processes.

Findings

GC lobe has a magnetized shell with 40-100 μG field strength.

Ionized shell within the lobe has a diameter of 80 pc.

Formation energy estimated at 5×10^{52} ergs.

Abstract

The Galactic center (GC) lobe is a degree-tall shell of gas that spans the central degree of our Galaxy. It has been cited as evidence for a mass outflow from our GC region, which has inspired diverse models for its origin. However, most work has focused on the morphology of the GC lobe, which has made it difficult to draw strong conclusions about its nature. Here, I present a coherent, multiwavelength analysis of new and archival observations of the GC lobe. Radio continuum emission shows that the GC lobe has a magnetized layer with a diameter of 110 pc and an equipartition field strength ranging from 40 to 100 $\mu$G. Recombination line emission traces an ionized shell nested within the radio continuum with diameter of 80 pc and height 165 pc. Mid-infrared maps at 8 and 15 $\mu$m show that the GC lobe has a third layer of warm dust and PAH-emission that surrounds the radio continuum shell with a diameter of 130 pc. Assuming adiabatic expansion of the gas in the GC lobe, its formation required an energy input of about $5\times10^{52}$ ergs. I compare the physical conditions of the GC lobe to several models and find best agreement with the canonical starburst outflow model. The formation of the GC lobe is consistent with the currently observed pressure and star formation rate in the central tens of parsecs of our Galaxy. Outflows of this scale are more typical of dwarf galaxies and would not be easily detected in nearby spiral galaxies. Thus, the existence of such an outflow in our own Galaxy may indicate that it is relatively common phenomenon in the nuclei of spiral galaxies. (Abridged)