# NOR gate response in a double quantum ring: An exact result

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a double quantum ring system can function as a NOR logic gate by analyzing its conductance and current-voltage characteristics under magnetic flux and gate voltages, using an exact Green's function approach.

## Contribution

It provides an exact theoretical analysis of NOR gate behavior in a double quantum ring system with magnetic flux and gate voltages, using a tight-binding model and Green's function formalism.

## Key findings

- High output current for both inputs low at flux = φ₀/2
- Low output current when one or both inputs are high
- Potential application in electronic logic gate design

## Abstract

NOR gate response in a double quantum ring, where each ring is threaded by a magnetic flux $\phi$, is investigated. The double quantum ring is sandwiched symmetrically between two semi-infinite one-dimensional metallic electrodes and two gate voltages, namely, $V_a$ and $V_b$, are applied, respectively, in lower arms of the two rings those are treated as the two inputs of the NOR gate. A simple tight-binding model is used to describe the system and all the calculations are done through the Green's function formalism. Here we exactly calculate the conductance-energy and current-voltage characteristics as functions of the ring-to-electrode coupling strengths, magnetic flux and gate voltages. Our numerical study predicts that, for a typical value of the magnetic flux $\phi=\phi_0/2$ ($\phi_0=ch/e$, the elementary flux-quantum), a high output current (1) (in the logical sense) appears if both the inputs to the gate are low (0), while if one or both are high (1), a low output current (0) results. It clearly demonstrates the NOR gate behavior and this aspect may be utilized in designing an electronic logic gate.