The WHIQII Survey: Metallicities and Spectroscopic Properties of Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies

TL;DR

This study analyzes the metallicities and spectroscopic properties of luminous compact blue galaxies at intermediate redshifts, revealing their heterogeneity, evolutionary trends, and transient morphologies, which inform galaxy evolution models.

Contribution

It provides the first extensive spectroscopic analysis of LCBGs at intermediate redshift, highlighting their diverse properties and evolutionary implications.

Findings

LCBG metallicities vary, supporting a heterogeneous population.

Evolution observed in the luminosity-metallicity relation at z~0.4-0.8.

No correlation between galaxy compactness and metallicity.

Abstract

As part of the WIYN High Image Quality Indiana Irvine (WHIQII) survey, we present 123 spectra of emission-line galaxies, selected on intermediate redshift (.4<z<.8) galaxies with blue colors that appear physically compact. The sample includes 15 true Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies (LCBGs) and an additional 27 slightly less extreme emission-line systems. These galaxies represent a highly evolving class that may play an important role in the decline of star formation since z~1, but their exact nature and evolutionary pathways remain a mystery. Here, we use emission lines to determine metallicities and ionization parameters, constraining their intrinsic properties and state of star formation. Some LCBG metallicities are consistent with a "bursting dwarf" scenario, while a substantial fraction of others are not, further confirming that LCBGs are a highly heterogeneous population but are broadly consistent with the intermediate redshift field. In agreement with previous studies, we observe overall evolution in the luminosity-metallicity relation at intermediate redshift. Our sample, and particularly the LCBGs, occupy a region in the empirical R23-O32 plane that differs from luminous local galaxies and is more consistent with dwarf Irregulars at the present epoch, suggesting that cosmic "downsizing" is observable in even the most fundamental parameters that describe star formation. These properties for our sample are also generally consistent with lying between local galaxies and those at high redshift, as expected by this scenario. Surprisingly, our sample exhibits no detectable correlation between compactness and metallicity, strongly suggesting that at these epochs of rapid star formation, the morphology of compact star-forming galaxies is largely transient.