International Collaboration in Science and the Formation of a Core Group

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the growth and structure of international scientific collaboration, revealing a core group of countries that dominate global research networks and discussing implications for peripheral nations.

Contribution

It provides empirical evidence of the formation of a core group in international scientific collaboration and examines network effects without political mediation.

Findings

International collaboration grew linearly in papers but exponentially in addresses.

A core group of 14 countries emerged as highly cooperative.

Peripheral countries may face disadvantages due to core group dominance.

Abstract

International collaboration as measured by co-authorship relations on refereed papers grew linearly from 1990 to 2005 in terms of the number of papers, but exponentially in terms of the number of international addresses. This confirms Persson et al.'s (2004) hypothesis of an inflation in international collaboration. Patterns in international collaboration in science can be considered as network effects, since there is no political institution mediating relationships at that level except for the initiatives of the European Commission. During the period 2000-2005, the network of global collaborations appears to have reinforced the formation of a core group of fourteen most cooperative countries. This core group can be expected to use knowledge from the global network with great efficiency, since these countries have strong national systems. Countries at the periphery may be disadvantaged by the increased strength of the core.