Microtesla MRI with dynamic nuclear polarization

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the first microtesla MRI system enhanced with Overhauser DNP, significantly improving signal-to-noise ratio and enabling in vivo imaging of hyperpolarized carbon-13 at microtesla magnetic fields.

Contribution

It introduces the first implementation of microtesla MRI with Overhauser DNP and reports carbon-13 NMR spectra at microtesla fields, showing substantial polarization enhancement.

Findings

Overhauser DNP achieved proton polarization enhancement of -95.

Carbon-13 polarization enhancement reached -200.

Microtesla MRI with DNP can image hyperpolarized carbon-13 in vivo.

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging at microtesla fields is a promising imaging method that combines the pre-polarization technique and broadband signal reception by SQUID sensors to enable in vivo MRI at microtesla-range magnetic fields. Despite significant advances, the potential of microtesla MRI for biomedical imaging is limited by its insufficient signal-to-noise ratio due to a relatively low sample polarization. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a widely used approach that allows polarization enhancement by two-four orders of magnitude without an increase in the polarizing field strength. In this work, the first implementation of microtesla MRI with Overhauser DNP and SQUID signal detection is described. The first measurements of carbon-13 NMR spectra at microtesla fields are also reported. The experiments were performed at the measurement field of 96 microtesla with Overhauser enhancement at 3.5 - 5.7 mT field. The Overhauser DNP enabled nuclear polarization enhancement by factor as high as -95 for protons and as high as -200 for carbon-13, corresponding to thermal polarizations at 0.33 T and 1.1 T fields, respectively. These results demonstrate that SQUID-based microtesla MRI can be naturally combined with Overhauser DNP in one system, and that its signal-to-noise performance is greatly improved in this case. They also suggest that microtesla MRI can become an efficient tool for in vivo imaging of hyperpolarized carbon-13, produced by the low-temperature dissolution DNP.