"Moth-eaten effect" driven by Pauli blocking, revealed for Cooper pairs

TL;DR

This paper reveals that Pauli blocking causes a 'moth-eaten' reduction in pair binding energy across dilute to dense regimes, challenging traditional views of the BCS gap being smaller than broken pair energy.

Contribution

It demonstrates that Pauli blocking induces a linear decrease in pair binding energy with pair number, linking dilute Cooper pairs to the BCS condensate and clarifying the BEC-BCS crossover.

Findings

Pauli blocking causes a 'moth-eaten' effect in pair binding energy.

The BCS gap is larger than the broken pair energy due to Pauli effects.

Pair binding energy decreases linearly with pair number.

Abstract

We extend the well-known Cooper's problem beyond one pair and study how this dilute limit is connected to the many-pair BCS condensate. We find that, all over from the dilute to the dense regime of pairs, Pauli blocking induces the same "moth-eaten effect" as the one existing for composite boson excitons. This effect makes the average pair binding energy decrease linearly with pair number, bringing it, in the standard BCS configuration, to half the single-pair value. This proves that, at odds with popular understanding, the BCS gap is far larger than the broken pair energy. The increase comes from Pauli blocking between broken and unbroken pairs. Possible link between our result and the BEC-BCS crossover is also discussed.