The physics and modes of star cluster formation: observations
Charles J. Lada (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA)
TL;DR
This paper reviews observational evidence of star cluster formation within dusty molecular clouds, emphasizing embedded protoclusters as key laboratories for understanding early cluster evolution.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of empirical observations of embedded clusters and discusses their significance for theories of star cluster formation and evolution.
Findings
Embedded clusters are crucial for studying early star formation.
Infrared observations reveal deeply obscured protoclusters.
Understanding embedded clusters informs models of bound stellar cluster formation.
Abstract
Stellar clusters are born in cold and dusty molecular clouds and the youngest clusters are embedded to various degrees in dusty dark molecular material. Such embedded clusters can be considered protocluster systems. The most deeply buried examples are so heavily obscured by dust that they are only visible at infrared wavelengths. These embedded protoclusters constitute the nearest laboratories for direct astronomical investigation of the physical processes of cluster formation and early evolution. I review the present state of empirical knowledge concerning embedded cluster systems and discuss the implications for understanding their formation and subsequent evolution to produce bound stellar clusters.
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