Describing gluons at zero and finite temperature

TL;DR

This paper introduces a gauge definition for gluons that addresses non-perturbative issues and studies their properties across temperature phases, revealing that only chromo-electric features indicate the phase transition, allowing for gauge-invariant temperature determination.

Contribution

It proposes a method-independent gauge definition for gluons and applies it to analyze their properties at various temperatures, identifying the phase transition temperature.

Findings

Chromo-electric properties reflect the phase transition.

Gauge-invariant phase transition temperature determined for SU(2) and SU(3).

Method addresses Gribov copy issues non-perturbatively.

Abstract

Any description of gluons requires a well-defined gauge. This is complicated non-perturbatively by Gribov copies. A possible method-independent gauge definition to resolve this problem is presented and afterwards used to study the properties of gluons at any temperature. It is found that only chromo-electric properties reflect the phase transition. From these the gauge-invariant phase transition temperature is determined for SU(2) and SU(3) Yang-Mills theory independently.