Quantum information: primitive notions and quantum correlations

TL;DR

This paper provides an introductory overview of quantum information fundamentals and explores quantum correlations, including their theoretical basis, evidence against classical theories, and current research directions.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive introduction to quantum primitives and an in-depth discussion of quantum correlations, bridging foundational concepts with ongoing research topics.

Findings

Evidence for the failure of classical theories

Formalism of no-signaling probability distributions

Current research topics in quantum correlations

Abstract

This series of introductory lectures consists of two parts. In the first part, I rapidly review the basic notions of quantum physics and many primitives of quantum information (i.e. notions that one must be somehow familiar with in the field, like cloning, teleportation, state estimation...). The second part is devoted to a detailed introduction to the topic of quantum correlations, covering the evidence for failure of alternative theories, some aspects of the formalism of no-signaling probability distributions and some hints towards some current research topics in the field.