NSCC -- A New Scheme of Classification of C-rich Stars Devised from Optical and Infrared Observations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a comprehensive classification system for carbon-rich stars by combining optical and infrared indices, enabling better interpretation of their photospheres and circumstellar environments through Monte Carlo simulations.

Contribution

The new classification scheme uniquely integrates optical and infrared indices, including novel SiC and opacity measures, improving the analysis of carbon stars' properties.

Findings

More efficient classification system for carbon stars.

Infrared indices provide insights into circumstellar environments.

Monte Carlo simulations support index calculations.

Abstract

A new classification system for carbon-rich stars is presented based on an analysis of 51 AGB carbon stars through the most relevant classifying indices available. The extension incorporated, that also represents the major advantage of this new system, is the combination of the usual optical indices that describe the photospheres of the objects, with new infrared ones, which allow an interpretation of the circumstellar environment of the carbon-rich stars. This new system is presented with the usual spectral subclasses and $C_2$-, j-, MS- and temperature indices, and also with the new SiC- (SiC/C.A. abundance estimation) and $\tau$- (opacity) indices. The values for the infrared indices were carried out through a Monte Carlo simulation of the radiative transfer in the circumstellar envelopes of the stars. The full set of indices, when applied to our sample, resulted in a more efficient system of classification, since an examination in a wide spectral range allows us to obtain a complete scenario for carbon stars.