Model for solvent viscosity effect on enzymatic reactions

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new interpretation for the inverse relationship between solvent viscosity and enzymatic reaction rates, using a heterogeneity model that accounts for different contributions of cosolvent and enzyme matrix.

Contribution

It introduces a heterogeneity-based model that explains solvent viscosity effects without modifying existing theories like Kramers' or Stokes law.

Findings

The model fits experimental data on oxygen escape from hemerythrin.

Parameters are directly related to observable quantities.

The approach reconciles previous theories with experimental dependence.

Abstract

Why reaction rate constants for enzymatic reactions are typically inversely proportional to fractional power exponents of solvent viscosity remains to be already a thirty years old puzzle. Available interpretations of the phenomenon invoke to either a modification of 1. the conventional Kramers' theory or that of 2. the Stokes law. We show that there is an alternative interpretation of the phenomenon at which neither of these modifications is in fact indispensable. We reconcile 1. and 2. with the experimentally observable dependence. We assume that an enzyme solution in solvent with or without cosolvent molecules is an ensemble of samples with different values of the viscosity for the movement of the system along the reaction coordinate. We assume that this viscosity consists of the contribution with the weight $q$ from cosolvent molecules and that with the weight $1-q$ from protein matrix and solvent molecules. We introduce heterogeneity in our system with the help of a distribution over the weight $q$. We verify the obtained solution of the integral equation for the unknown function of the distribution by direct substitution. All parameters of the model are related to experimentally observable values. General formalism is exemplified by the analysis of literature experimental data for oxygen escape from hemerythin.