The universe is accelerating. Do we need a new mass scale?

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether modifications to gravity without introducing new mass scales can explain the universe's acceleration, fitting supernova data through curvature-based corrections rather than dark energy.

Contribution

It proposes a curvature-based modification to gravity inspired by the Ultra Strong Equivalence Principle that can fit supernova data without new mass scales or dark energy.

Findings

Certain parameter regions fit supernova data well

Specific USEP-predicted parameters are ruled out

Alternative parameter spaces can explain cosmic acceleration

Abstract

We try to address quantitatively the question whether a new mass is needed to fit current supernovae data. For this purpose, we consider an infra-red modification of gravity that does not contain any new mass scale but systematic subleading corrections proportional to the curvature. The modifications are of the same type as the one recently derived by enforcing the "Ultra Strong Equivalence Principle" (USEP) upon a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe in the presence of a scalar field. The distance between two comoving observers is altered by these corrections and the observations at high redshift affected at any time during the cosmic evolution. While the specific values of the parameters predicted by USEP are ruled out, there are regions of parameter space that fit SnIa data very well. This allows an interesting possibility to explain the apparent cosmic acceleration today without introducing either a dark energy component or a new mass scale.