New Phenomenology for Palatini f(R) Theories: Non-singular Universes

TL;DR

This paper investigates Palatini f(R) gravity theories, demonstrating that infrared corrections are incompatible with atomic stability, while quadratic models can avoid big bang singularities under certain conditions.

Contribution

It provides the first perturbative analysis ruling out the 1/R Palatini model and shows quadratic models can resolve cosmological singularities.

Findings

Infrared corrected models are incompatible with atomic stability.

The 1/R model is convincingly ruled out in Palatini formalism.

Quadratic f(R) models can avoid big bang singularities.

Abstract

We study modified theories of gravity of the f(R) type in Palatini formalism. We first consider the stability of atoms when the Palatini gravitational interaction is taken into account in the derivation of the non-relativistic Schrodinger equation. We show that theories with infrared curvature corrections are ruled out by the mere existence of atoms. In particular, we carry out fully perturbative calculations that, for the first time, convincingly rule out the 1/R model of Carroll et al. in its Palatini version. We then study the Planck scale corrected quadratic model f(R)=R+R^2/R_P and show that it can avoid the big bang singularity for matter sources which satisfy all the energy conditions. We comment on the mechanisms that cure this singularity and point out that they are closely related to non-perturbative terms also present in the atomic Hamiltonian of infrared corrected models.