Development of 3D-DDTC pixel detectors for the ATLAS upgrade

TL;DR

This paper presents the development and testing of simplified 3D-DDTC pixel detectors for the ATLAS upgrade, focusing on fabrication, electrical, and functional performance evaluations.

Contribution

It introduces a simpler fabrication process for 3D-DDTC detectors and evaluates their efficiency and radiation hardness for the ATLAS upgrade.

Findings

Detectors with 2, 3, or 4 columns per pixel were successfully fabricated.

Laboratory tests show promising electrical and functional performance.

Performance depends on columnar electrode overlap and radiation hardness.

Abstract

We report on the development of n-on-p, 3D Double-Side Double Type Column (3D-DDTC) pixel detectors fabricated at FBK-irst (Trento, Italy) and oriented to the ATLAS upgrade. The considered fabrication technology is simpler than that required for full 3D detectors with active edge, but the detector efficiency and radiation hardness critically depend on the columnar electrode overlap and should be carefully evaluated. The first assemblies of these sensors (featuring 2, 3, or 4 columns per pixel) with the ATLAS FEI3 read-out chip have been tested in laboratory. Selected results from the electrical and functional characterization with radioactive sources are here discussed.