Dirac Equation and the Definition of Elementary Particles

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new interpretation of the Dirac equation where the total velocity includes oscillatory components, redefining elementary particles and providing insights into quark confinement.

Contribution

It introduces a novel velocity concept in the Dirac equation and redefines elementary particles, challenging traditional quark models and confinement theories.

Findings

Electronic rest energy originates from electron oscillation.

Leptons, mesons, and baryons are redefined as elementary particles.

Quarks are not standalone particles but parts of hadrons.

Abstract

A concept of the total velocity that contains velocity and oscillatory velocity is proposed for the velocity solution of Dirac equation. It is shown that the electronic rest energy all comes from the oscillation of the electron itself. For this reason, the velocity solution of Dirac equation is taken as the definition of elementary particles. Leptons, mesons and baryons appear in results as the newly defined elementary particles, but the particle that consists of more than three quarks is ruled out. The results also show that a quark is not a particle, but part of the hadron or a partial particle and that quark confinement may serve as an evidence of this conclusion.