Instability of liquid jet penetrated into stream in channel

TL;DR

This paper investigates the instability phenomena of a liquid jet penetrating into a fluid stream within a channel, highlighting the role of entrained air sheaths and their effects on jet behavior.

Contribution

It introduces the instability mechanisms of the jet and emphasizes the impact of entrained air sheaths on the jet's dynamic behavior in fluid flow.

Findings

Entrained air sheath surrounds the penetrating jet.

Collapse of the air sheath leads to coalescence with the stream.

Jet instability is significantly affected by entrained air dynamics.

Abstract

Penetration process and an instability on a liquid jet impinging to a stream of the same fluid in a channel is focused. The jet penetrated into the stream is wrapped by entrained air, and coalesces with the stream when the air sheath around the jet collapses. We introduce instability arisen on the jet and the vigorous effect of the entrained-air sheath on the dynamic behavior of the jet in this fluid dynamics video.