Outflows and Massive Stars in the protocluster IRAS 05358+3543

TL;DR

This study uses multi-wavelength observations to identify and analyze multiple outflows from the massive star-forming region IRAS 05358+3543, revealing new outflows, their probable sources, and the energetic impact on the cluster environment.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed identification of outflows and their sources in IRAS 05358+3543 using combined IR, CO, and radio data, and links outflow activity to cluster turbulence.

Findings

Discovered several new outflows in IRAS 05358+3543.

Identified probable sources for 6 outflows and candidate counterflows for 7.

Found outflow energy injection rate matches turbulent decay rate in the protocluster.

Abstract

We present new near-IR H2, CO J=2-1, and CO J = 3-2 observations to study outflows in the massive star forming region IRAS 05358+3543. The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope H2 images and James Clerk Maxwell Telescope CO data cubes of the IRAS 05358 region reveal several new outflows, most of which emerge from the dense cluster of sub-mm cores associated with the Sh 2-233IR NE cluster to the northeast of IRAS 05358. We used Apache Point Observatory (APO) JHK spectra to determine line of sight velocities of the outflowing material. Analysis of archival VLA cm continuum data and previously published VLBI observations reveal a massive star binary as a probable source of one or two of the outflows. We have identified probable sources for 6 outflows and candidate counterflows for 7 out of a total of 11 seen to be originating from the IRAS 05358 clusters. We classify the clumps within Sh 2-233IR NE as an early protocluster and Sh 2-233IR SW as a young cluster, and conclude that the outflow energy injection rate approximately matches the turbulent decay rate in Sh 2-233IR NE.