First Evidence For Atmospheric Neutrino-Induced Cascades with the IceCube Detector

TL;DR

This paper reports the first evidence of atmospheric neutrino-induced cascades detected by IceCube, demonstrating advanced reconstruction techniques and identifying candidate events, including a potential tau neutrino interaction.

Contribution

It introduces novel methods for reconstructing and identifying cascade events in IceCube, providing the first evidence of atmospheric neutrino-induced cascades.

Findings

12 candidate cascade events observed above 5 TeV

Expected signal from atmospheric neutrinos is consistent with observations within uncertainties

Identification of a high-energy candidate with possible tau neutrino signature

Abstract

IceCube is an all-flavor, cubic kilometer neutrino telescope currently under construction in the deep glacial ice at the South Pole. Its embedded optical sensors detect Cherenkov light from charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the ice. For several years IceCube has been detecting muon tracks from charged-current muon neutrino interactions. However, IceCube has yet to observe the electromagnetic or hadronic particle showers or "cascades" initiated by charged-current or neutral-current neutrino interactions. The first detection of such an event signature is expected to come from the known flux of atmospheric electron and muon neutrinos. A search for atmospheric neutrino-induced cascades was performed using 275.46 days of data from IceCube's 22-string configuration. Reconstruction and background rejection techniques were developed to reach, for the first time, a signal-to-background ratio ~1. Above a reconstructed energy of 5 TeV, 12 candidate events were observed in the full dataset. The signal expectation from the canonical Bartol atmospheric neutrino flux model is 5.63+-2.25 events, while the expectation from the atmospheric neutrino flux as measured by IceCube's predecessor array AMANDA is 7.48 +- 1.50 events. Quoted errors include the uncertainty on the flux only. While a conclusive detection can not yet be claimed because of a lack of background Monte Carlo statistics, the evidence that we are at the level of background suppression needed to see atmospheric neutrino-induced cascades is strong. In addition, one extremely interesting candidate event of energy 133 TeV survives all cuts and shows an intriguing double pulse structure in its waveforms that may signal the "double bang" of a tau neutrino interaction.